16.05.2023
The world of sailing is on the cusp of a technological revolution as electric motors make their presence felt in the marine industry. As a result, many sailors and boat owners are now turning their attention towards electric propulsion systems for sailboats, hoping to reap the benefits of clean, quiet, and efficient power.
As electric vehicles gain popularity on land, it is no surprise that the boating industry is also exploring electric propulsion solutions. Although currently only 2% of boats worldwide feature electric or hybrid propulsion, this figure is predicted to grow by 50% over the next twenty years. Consequently, the charter market is likely to see an influx of electric-powered boats.
In this article, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of electric motors for sailboats, and discuss whether this trend is indeed the future of sailing.
Advantages of Electric Motors for Sailboats:
- Environmentally Friendly: One of the most significant benefits of electric motors is their positive impact on the environment. Unlike traditional combustion engines, electric motors do not produce any harmful emissions or pollutants, making them a more eco-friendly choice. Additionally, by using renewable energy sources like solar or wind power to charge batteries, sailors can reduce their carbon footprint even further.
- Quiet Operation: Electric motors run significantly quieter than their fossil-fuel counterparts, offering a more peaceful and enjoyable sailing experience. The absence of engine noise allows sailors to better connect with the natural environment and enjoy the sounds of the sea and wind.
- Low Maintenance: Electric motors generally have fewer moving parts compared to internal combustion engines, resulting in lower maintenance requirements. This means less time spent on engine upkeep and more time spent enjoying the open waters.
- Energy Efficiency: Electric motors are known for their energy efficiency, as they can convert a higher percentage of stored energy into useful power. This increased efficiency leads to lower energy consumption and reduced operating costs for boat owners.
Disadvantages of Electric Motors for Sailboats:
Limited Range: One of the major drawbacks of electric propulsion systems is their limited range compared to traditional engines. While battery technology is improving rapidly, electric sailboats may still struggle to match the range of diesel-powered counterparts. Sailors looking to embark on longer voyages will need to carefully plan and consider their charging options. Sails continue to serve as the primary source of propulsion for electric sailboats, and this fundamental aspect remains unchanged.
Charging Infrastructure:
The charging infrastructure for electric boats is still in its infancy, with fewer charging stations available compared to those for cars. This can make long-distance trips more challenging, especially in remote locations. Initial Cost: Electric propulsion systems can be more expensive upfront compared to traditional diesel engines. However, it's worth noting that the total cost of ownership may be lower due to reduced maintenance and fuel costs over time. Battery Weight and Space: The batteries required for electric propulsion systems can be heavy and take up considerable space on a sailboat. This can impact the vessel's performance and may require sailors to make adjustments to their boat's design and layout.
Players in Electrification:
Despite the drawbacks, the trend towards electric motors for sailboats is gaining momentum. As battery technology and charging infrastructure continue to improve, it is expected that the range and convenience of electric-powered sailboats will increase.
Several companies are spearheading the shift to electric propulsion in the boating industry. Germany's Torqeedo launched its compact electric outboard technology in 2005 before venturing into high-voltage systems for inboard use. The company's Deep Blue 25kW and 100kW inboard motors have been integrated into saildrives on numerous power and sailboats. Torqeedo recently unveiled a 50kW version, featuring a folding propeller and a regeneration function that generates power at sailing speeds as low as 6 knots.
Swedish engine manufacturer Volvo Penta is testing electric motors positioned inline between their diesel engines and IPS pods. Collaborating with Fountaine Pajot production catamarans, they have focused on driving a Lucia 40 sailing cat. Dutch bow and stern-thruster manufacturer Vetus has designed inboard electric motors for small powerboats, while Finnish company OceanVolt is now powering several Salona models, J/Boats and Alerion daysailers.
Electric Propulsion for Charterers:
Torqeedo has concentrated its efforts on catamarans, which provide an ideal platform for electric propulsion due to their spaciousness, weight, and efficient hull designs. The company is developing systems for both production and high-performance catamarans. Recently, Torqeedo launched an Excess 15 with twin Deep Blue 50kW motors and twin 40 kWh BMW i3 batteries (modified by Torqeedo).
Another smaller system was installed in an Ocean Renegade R5, a Tony Grainger-designed performance cruising cat built in South Africa. The lightweight 54ft boat, named Oxygen, features a hybrid system with a Fischer Panda 15000i generator and a 105-gallon fuel capacity. Under power, it can cruise at 6 knots, with a top speed of around 10 knots. It has an electric-only range of 25 miles—ideal for maneuvering in harbors and anchorages—and a range of 600 miles when combined with the genset. Oxygen can achieve speeds of 17 knots in 20-knot winds, reducing range anxiety for sailors.
The R5 is equipped with twin Torqeedo Power 24-3500 batteries for the house bank and features a DC-to-DC converter for charging. Four charging methods are available: a 2.4 kWh solar array on the Bimini, the genset, shore power, and hydro regeneration (which generates significant power at 10 knots). Despite Oxygen's power-hungry appliances, such as air conditioning, fridges, freezers, electric winches, and electronics, there is always ample power available.
In terms of cost, Oxygen's owner estimates the electric system added $135,000 to the price, around $30,000 more than conventional diesel propulsion. However, reduced maintenance and fuel consumption balance the total cost of ownership over time.
Torqeedo's electric motors come with a two-year warranty, and the batteries have an eight-year lifespan. The current owner is so impressed with the boat that they are building a new 64ft R6, making the 2020 Oxygen available for sale.
In conclusion, while electric motors for sailboats come with their fair share of challenges, the numerous benefits they offer make them an attractive and viable option for the future of sailing. The shift towards electric propulsion systems in the boating industry is undeniable, with several companies leading the way in innovation and development. As electric and hybrid solutions become more prevalent, the charter market is set to embrace these eco-friendly alternatives, offering sailors a cleaner way to explore the seas. As technology continues to advance, it's likely that more and more sailors will utilize electric propulsion systems, propelling the sailing community towards a greener, more sustainable future. Although there may be some initial challenges to overcome, such as the cost difference and charging infrastructure, the long-term benefits of electric propulsion make it a trend worth watching in the sailing world.
